There's little debate that pint-sized Nathaniel Craver suffered from fetal alcohol syndrome, attachment disorders and regular injuries after he was adopted from Russia by a Pennsylvania couple.
His parents say they took him to a stream of doctors and therapists because he was frequently falling or intentionally hurting himself.
They are now on trial for his alleged murder.
Michael Craver, 47, and his wife Nanette, 55, insist their 7-year-old son ran headlong into a pellet stove on Aug. 19, 2009, causing the subdural hematoma that killed him days later.
"(Self-harm) is a hard concept to grasp if you haven't lived it, like Mike and Nanette did," defense lawyer Rick Robinson told jurors Friday.
But prosecutors believe the boy's 41-pound body tells a different tale, not one of self-abuse but of chronic abuse and neglect by his parents.
"Common sense tells you that he didn't do this to himself. Common sense tells you that they did this to him, ... and they prevented him from getting medical care," Tim Barker, York County's chief deputy district attorney, told jurors Friday.
Jurors must decide if one or both parents is guilty of first-degree murder, third-degree murder or involuntary manslaughter, along with the child endangerment and conspiracy charges. Deliberations are expected to begin Friday afternoon after a nearly two-week trial. Both parents remain incarcerated.
Prosecutors believe Nathaniel died from repeated blows to the head, but have not said which parent allegedly delivered them. For their part, defense lawyers are presenting something of a joint defense, calling friends and medical experts to testify for both spouses.
Michael Craver had rushed the unconscious Nathaniel to a York hospital with a severe head injury before dawn on Aug. 20, 2009. He said the boy had seemed fine, despite the stove incident, when they put him to bed at 7 p.m., but was unresponsive when they checked on him at 4:30 a.m.
Despite surgery to relieve cranial pressure, Nathaniel died five days later of a subdural hematoma. His twin was removed from the Cravers' home the next day.
Russian media has covered the trial, and Russian authorities are said to be closely watching the verdict after a string of deaths involving Russian children adopted by Americans.